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Writer's picturehanishn

Stable Diffusion for updating Sprite Collage vintage games

Originally a presentation to the IGDA (International Game Developers Association) Ann Arbor meetup on September 22, 2022.

Author: Nathan Hanish


Goal: Revive/Remaster vintage (C64 era) titles

  • Focus on Below the Root from Windham Classics, 1984

    • Programmer: Dale Disharoon

    • Author: Zilpha Keatly Snyder

    • Music: Larry Snyder

    • Art: William Groetzinger

  • Key Features

    • Early Metroidvania

    • Larger than the original Zelda

    • Deep exploration and lore, non-violent

    • Delightful SID (like early MIDI) music

    • Extremely readable visual style

      • Sprite Collage

Here’s the original game world

Extracting the Art

  • Special thanks to Justin Stahlman for extracting Sprite Sheets (below) and Screens (above) from the original C64 build


  • I indexed the sprites and deconstructed the screens into sprite+color lookup

  • I build a ScummVM extension to render and navigate all the screens

Test screen renders, that’s a lot of art to repaint!

Enter AI Art and Stable Diffusion

Not great for whole scene from C64 game

But works great for an element at a time

And some compositional magic

Outdoors also, some new challenges with segmentation

More compositional magic


And underground

Mash it up

My asks…..


  • Ideas for how to apply this to other titles

  • Please try it out!

  • How to handle animated sprites?

  • Anybody really know the rights situation for ‘abandonware’

  • How do I release the results without getting sued?

    • Current plan is to extend ScummVM

    • Require the original disk image

    • Add option for upscaled sprite set

    • Add option for resynthesized music

    • If you happen to see this and know who holds the rights, please contact me!



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